In addition to the laboratory and clinical work, a variety of intradepartmental conferences complement the training experience. Whereas some of the meetings consist of lectures given by departmental faculty or guest speakers, a number of conferences demand the active participation of the residents.
Attendance at morning conferences and departmental grand rounds is an important part of the training. Residents on service at the VA should attend didactic conferences at YNHH (unless there is a specific conference at the institution at which they are rotating which conflicts with the conference at YNHH, in which case the conference at the institution at which they are rotating takes precedence). Residents who are on elective rotations should still attend all conferences at YNHH unless the elective is at a distant institution. When slides are put out in advance of a conference, they should be reviewed prior to the conference. If for any reason a resident cannot give a conference at which he or she is scheduled to present, it his/her responsibility to switch with another resident.
There are a small number of conferences for which attendance is an absolute requirement. These are required by the ACGME, and if missed (even if for illness or vacation) must be made up. The majority of the conferences, however, represent an ongoing educational program for which there is a cumulative benefit for participation. Although no individual conference is essential, residents are expected to attend at least 75% of the conferences presented. Failure to do so may result in denial of credit for that ENTIRE year of training. In order to comply with ACGME guidelines regarding conference attendance, a sign-in sheet will be circulated at each conference to document attendees. Residents must attend at least 45 minutes of a 60-minute conference in order to claim attendance. Residents must assure that their attendance is documented. It is not appropriate to have a proxy sign in for you, and signing in for a conference that you did not attend represents falsification of training documentation.
Residents are being trained to be practicing pathologists, and a real part of the life of a pathologist is that service obligations and acute patient care needs take precedence over other non-essential activities. As such, covering frozen section or tending to an apheresis emergency takes precedence over conference attendance. However, morning conferences should not be missed to tend to work that should have been completed the evening before, such as reviewing of slides.
The following "general conferences" are to be attended by all residents, regardless of their current rotation.
This conference is a discussion of miscellaneous "unknown" cases. The major purpose will be to generate a discussion of diagnostic criteria and salient histological features for a group of cases. Slides will be routinely available a few days in advance, and residents are expected to have previewed the slides and thought about diagnostic approaches prior to the conference.
Residents on each of the specialty rotations should submit slides from interesting cases to the senior resident on the "Hot-Seat" rotation. Approximately six cases, typically including one cytology case, will be discussed each week. Residents are expected to be able to describe the pathology present on the slide, develop an appropriate differential diagnosis, know how to distinguish between the entities in the differential diagnosis, describe the pathologic features of the entity, and discuss the natural history, clinical significance, andn current treatments for the entity.
These conferences are generally formatted as lectures or unknown slides conferences with a specific theme, and are presented by the Clinical Faculty or invited guest speakers. Topics vary from basic diagnostic pathology, specialty areas and disease classifications, stress management, laboratory management, and special techniques. The chief resident schedules the speakers for these conferences.
This time is available for gross conferences on either surgical or autopsy cases, which are run by an attending. The senior resident on autopsy is responsible for organizing the conference with the help of the frozen section resident. It is based on generating a differential diagnosis for a disease process from the examination of gross specimens. Techniques for the appropriate handling of specimens in the gross room are also discussed.
When an outside speaker has been invited to give Departmental Grand Rounds, that speaker may give a special conference for the residents. During these weeks, this conference will replace the weekly Gross Conference. These conferences represent a rare opportunity to interact closely with a distinguished diagnostic pathologist and benefit from their years of experience.
This is a joint conference with residents from Neurology and Neurosurgery, covering basic topics in the pathology of neurological disease and including clinical-pathological correlations. It is given by the Neuropathology faculty, but delivered outside of the normal 8AM time slot to accommodate residents in other departments who also benefit from this conference.
At this hour-long conference, three residents will each present one of their autopsy cases. The purpose of this conference is for residents to gain experience preparing and presenting a complete case, interpreting the pathologic findings in that case, and assembling those interpretations into an explanation of the sequence of events leading up to the patient's death. Throughout your career, you will be required to present cases at various clinical conferences. You must be able to do this quickly and convincingly. Each presentation should be no more than 20 minutes, including time for questions and answers. See the Autopsy Service Manual for more details.
Through the presentation and discussion of recent papers using molecular techniques, residents see and critically evaluate the use and application of molecular pathology in the evaluation of patient material. Each paper presented in the Journal Club focuses on particular techniques and how the results of those tests can be used in clinical medicine. Typically, a recent paper will be selected by the faculty in charge of the Journal Club. The Molecular Genetics Fellow will present an explanation of the techniques used in that paper. Then, a resident will present the data and discuss the conclusions of the authors with respect to the applicability of that testing to clinical medicine.
Departmental Grand Rounds are given by a member of the Pathology faculty or by an invited guest speaker either from another department at Yale or from an outside institution. The content and format will vary depending on the speaker, and topics will range from recent research results to discussion of a clinical case. Grand Rounds typically run from September through June. Grand Rounds has been approved for by Yale's Council on Continuing Medical Education for Continuing Medical Education Credit for the faculty and those fellows who need such credit.
This is a resident-driven and -delivered conference on a topic of the resident's choice. The conference format is variable: it may be a one-hour didactic session, or may take the form of a journal club or case series review. Residents may also use this forum to present the results of their own research projects. The presentation should be formal and should demonstrate an in-depth review of the literature, encompassing historical, clinical, and basic science aspects of an anatomic pathology-related topic. Faculty attend this conference and will ask questions of the presenter and evaluate their performance. A major goal of this conference, in addition to its educational component, is to teach the resident how to format and present a formal conference. Each AP resident will give at least one of these conferences each year.
Dr. James Gill, Medical Examiner from the Bronx in New York and a former Yale Pathology resident, gives this didactic conference. This conference affords the residents a broad exposure to findings in non-natural deaths and to the medical-legal investigation of death.
This conference is given jointly by an AP resident and a CP resident. It is based on a case presentation and discussion of a disease process in which both anatomic and clinical pathology findings played a role in the workup of the patient.
These conferences relate to aspects of pathology training that interface between anatomic and clinical pathology, and include areas such as informatics, molecular pathology, and laboratory administration.
During their first week of CP training, all new residents receive a series of intensive "survival" lectures to familiarize them with the scope, organization, and operations of the various laboratories, and to prepare them for their rotations.
This conference is a presentation and discussion of challenging consults encountered by residents on various rotations during the previous week. Three residents are asked to briefly present a consult, followed by a discussion of the clinical reasoning, evidence in support of the decision, and any anticipated follow-up. Attending physicians are invited to participate in the discussions and present consults as well.
Presented by the laboratory medicine and associated faculty, this conference provides the major instruction to prepare residents for their Pathology Board examinations.
Residents completing their Hematology/Flow Cytometry rotation are asked to compile their most interesting cases during the preceding month and present them to the residents, hematopathology fellows, and attendings. Heme/Onc fellows are also invited to attend and participate in the discussion.
This is a formal presentation by the residents of a case chosen to highlight the use of laboratory data in patient diagnosis and management. This conference is presented by the residents with assistance by the faculty and is often attended by clinicians involved in the patient's care. Case Conferences are occasionally posted on the department website if they have extra teaching value.
State-of-the-art topics and research-in-progress are presented by more senior departmental faculty, other faculty in the School of Medicine or Yale University, and invited speakers from other institutions. Senior laboratory medicine residents may also present the results of their clinical or research investigations at Research Seminar.
Residents present "hot" papers on a topic of their choosing and critically evaluate / analyze the data and approach.
In addition to the general morning conferences, a number of specialty conferences are associated with specific rotations. Residents on these rotations are expected to attend those specialty conferences. Many are interdepartmental, and represent opportunities to participate directly in clinical consultative activities. These include:
Thoracic Oncology Program Tumor Board | Monday, 7:30 AM |
GU Conference | Monday, biweekly, 12:00 Noon |
Pediatric Intensive Care & Morbidity/Mortality Conf | 3rd Monday each month, 12:00 Noon |
Pediatric GI Conference | 1st Monday each month, 3:00 PM |
Neuro Epilepsy Conference | Monday, 3:30 PM |
Head and Neck Tumor Board | Monday, 3:30 PM |
Interstitial Lung Disease Conference | Monday, 4:00 PM |
Liver Conference | Monday, 4:00 PM |
Nephrology Biopsy Conference | 2nd Monday each month, 5:00 PM |
Hematopathology Conference | Tuesday, 8:30 AM |
GI Tumor Board | Tuesday, 4:00 PM |
Gynecologic Oncology Conference | Tuesday, 4:30 PM |
Pituitary Conference | Tuesday (monthly), 5:00 PM |
Neurosurgery Morbidity/Mortality Conference | Wednesday, 7:00 AM |
Heart & Renal Transplant Conference | Wednesday, 9:00 AM |
Pediatric Surgery Conference | 2nd Wednesday each month, 10:00 AM |
Liver Transplant Conference | 2nd and 4th Wednesdays, 12:00 Noon |
Neuropathology Teaching Conference | 3rd Wednesday each month, 12:00 Noon |
Brain Cutting Conference | Wednesday, 12:00 Noon (1:00 PM on 3rd Wed) |
Thyroid Cytology/Histology Conference | Wednesday, 4:00 PM |
Breast Conference | Wednesday, 5:00 PM |
Melanoma Conference | Thursday, 7:30 AM (2 hrs) |
Liver Tumor Board | Thursday, 7:30 AM |
Pediatric Neurosurgery Tumor Board | Thursday, 4:00 PM |
Neuromuscular Conference | Thursday, 5:00 PM |
Pediatric Discharge Conference | Thursday, 5:00 PM |
Endocrine Tumor Board | Friday, 7:30 AM |
Sarcoma Conference | 1st & 3rd Friday, 11:00 AM |
Breast Radiology Correlation Conference | Friday, 12:00 Noon |
Neonatal Morbidity/Mortality Conference | 4th Friday each month, 12:00 Noon |
GI Case Conference | Friday, 2:00 PM |
Heme Fellows Conference | Friday, 1:00 PM |
Neurosurgery Tumor Board | Friday, 1:00 PM |
GI Conference | Tuesday, 12:00 PM |
Breast Conference | Wednesday, 8:00 AM |
Pulmonary Conference | 1st Wednesday monthly, 12:00 PM |
GYN Tumor Board | 1st & 3nd Thursday bimonthly, 7:45 AM |
Tumor Board | Friday, 12:00 PM |
Hematopathology | Monday, 2:00 PM |
Dermatopathology | Tuesday, 7:30 AM |
GI Tumor Board | Wednesday, 4:00 PM |
GU Tumor Board | Every other Thursday, 2:00 PM |
General Tumor Board | 1st and 3rd Friday, 8:15 AM |
Liver Tumor Board | Every other Friday, 10:30 AM |
Test-of-the-Week | Friday, 4:00 PM |
The conference schedules are dynamic and subject to change throughout the year. Yahoo calendar is used to keep the residents and faculty up-to-date about the current conference schedule. This information is available via the web.